What is Qualitative Data Collection?
In this module you will learn how a qualitative methodology can be used to explore and understand behaviors, needs, systems and cultures. A qualitative methodology can provide an opportunity to examine what factors underlie particular attitudes, why decisions are made or not made, what needs arise and why current service or programs are not used. Furthermore, it can inform policies or actions thru determining what types of services may be required to meet expressed needs, what actions are needed to make current services more effective and what systems or laws may need to be developed or improved.
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What is the value of using Qualitative Methods of Data collection
How does qualitative data compliment quantitative
Sequential Exploratory
Sequential Explanatory
Sequential explanatory
Type of
Elicitation Interviews
The elicitation interviews differ from standardized (or highly structured) interviews in that their approach is designed to convince the interviewee to reveal factors that are relevant to the particular behavior, in this case child safety seat use. Elicitation interviews are discussions in which the interviewees relay their experiences about child safety seat use in their community, but no undue pressure was placed on the individuals to respond in any kind of socially desirable way.
Focus Groups
xxx
Observations
Document Review
Examples for Native CARS
Elicitation Interviews
We conducted a total of xx-xx interviews among Native CARS in each participating Tribe. A subset of interviews at each tribe were with tribal members in professional positions, such as health care or social service workers who have contact with a large portion of the target population. The remaining interviews were with parents, grandparents, or other child caregivers. Some interviews were with females, some were with males, and we attempted to interview people spanning the age spectrum. The Site Coordinator from the tribe facilitated the selection and scheduling of the interviews. Elicitation interviews were conducted by Dr. Lapidus or Ms. Lutz, with the other person taking notes. Frequently, the Site Coordinator from the tribe sat in on the interviews and functioned as a second note taker. The interview included open ended questions about general child safety, current and past child safety seat use, perceived barriers and facilitators to use, family disagreements about use, access to child safety seats, and cultural traditions.
The Project Director led the Tribal Site Coordinator in a simple review of the transcripts. Transcripts were first read in their entirety before simple coding was performed. After careful review of the text for the underlying meaning, the Site Coordinator highlighted 1) re-occurring themes they were reading, 2) issues that they were surprised to hear or ones that contradicted what they assumed, and 3) text that may not be reoccurring but that was a noteworthy quote or profound state. As a result of this simple review, text codes were generated and grouped and Tribal Site Coordinators gleaned essential information that was helpful to guide their intervention development process
Analysis
Following the simple review of transcribed text, the study team formally began the analytic process of carefully cleaning and formatting the transcripts for use in Atlas.ti. A Hermeneutic Unit was created and each transcript was added. The transcripts were then coded using and inductive approach consisting of open coding, using apriori and invivo codes. A drafted open coding guide, created and members of the study team checked for inter-coder agreement in intervals of 3 transcripts until codes were fully refined into a final list codes. They then continued coding remaining transcripts apriori in intervals of 5- 8, checking for continued agreement
Attachements
Invitation
The consent form
The sample questions
Focus Group – Purpose, Procedure, Tool
We reviewed data, confirmed that whether is what the expected, whether surprised by the result, whether they thought we missed key element of the problem
Review media
Reviewed and Suggested modifications
Review the Intevention Plan
Suggested to change scope to the intervention proposed
Suggest different intervention
Suggested partners
Attachments
Invitation Letters
Consent Form
Question Templates
Moderators Guide
Transcribing notes or recordings
Attachment:
Transcription Guide
Analysis
When do you do a less formal review of transcripts and note and when do you invest in a scientific analysis of the transcripts and notes
Tribal Review of Transcripts or notes
- Informal, Simple
- Quick review of handwritten notes
- With site-coordinator
- Identify major themes from elicitation interviews
- Use as part of focus groups
- Start planning interventions
- Quick review of handwritten notes
Tribal Review of Elicitation Interviews:
- Transcription
Kristyn typed up the elicitation interviews. Tam and Jodi reviewed any written text that Kristyn found in question and deciphyered written text to be added. Eliciation transcripts are organized in blocks of question topics which are highlighted in bold/underlined font, with each question typed in the order it was asked. Questions being asked by Tam or Jodi are in italics. Responses are in regular font.
- First Review of text
Researcher will review the transcription text carefully for understanding and interpretation of the details and themes of the discussion. Multiple readings of the text will be required to attain an understanding of the text.
Site Coordinators will read each transcript in its entirety before simple coding will be performed.
- Creation of categories, sub-categories and themes
The creation of coding themes should happen only after the careful first review of the text and the underlying meaning of what is said.
Site Coordinator will take 3 highlighters of different colors and highlight in the following method:
Yellow – Highlight reoccurring themes to that you are hearing
Green – issues that you are surprised to hear or ones that contradict what you assumed
Pink – Highlight text that may not be reoccurring but that is a noteworthy quote or profound statement.
- Coding methods
- As a result of review of text, codes will be generated (i.e. “Need for law”).
- The code will be written in the margin next to quotations of the text.
- Codes will be grouped according to category.
- A consistent set of codes and categories and sub-catagories will be used for all documents.
- Reporting
The interview section headings (that are in bold/underlined text on the transcripts) will be used as categories and can be used as main headings in the findings. The more specific themes will be addressed in the sub-categories. Suitable quotes will be used to illustrate meanings and examples.
Formal Analysis of Transcripts Notes
- Formal, Rigorous
- Transcribed, cleaned, formatted
- Thorough coding by multiple people
- Native CARS staff, Site coordinators, UW consultants
- Major/minor themes identified and refined
- ti
- Site-specific and overall reports generated.
Presenting results of the qualitative data
Links to other online resources for understanding qualitative analysis
Texts available on either qualitative analysis or mixed methods
Type of Qualitative software
Atlasti
Invivo
Others?